Epson has launched its latest flagship all-in-one printers aimed at meeting the printing, scanning and copying needs of any household - the Epson Stylus NX400. With outstanding image quality, the Epson Stylus NX400 is a good option for printing digital photographs quickly and conveniently.

Epson Stylus NX400 Printer

LONG BEACH, Calif. – June 3, 2008 – Epson America Inc. today launches the flagship model of a new generation of all-in-one printers designed to meet any household’s printing, scanning and copying needs – the Epson Stylus NX400. The full-featured, well-priced all-in-one offers a combination of performance and ease-of-use delivering value, convenience and superior results on plain, photo or specialty papers.

“With intuitive features and outstanding image quality, the Epson Stylus NX400 is ideal for any household juggling day-to-day projects that require one central printer to print, scan or copy just about anything,” said Kristi Lanzit Fox, product manager, Consumer Ink Jet Printers, Epson. “Whether printing book reports, driving directions, presentations or party invitations, the Epson Stylus NX400 turns ordinary projects into amazing output. Its versatility, high-performance, durability, and affordable price make it the best solution for everyday home printing needs.”

Using Epson’s resilient DURABriteâ Ultra ink, important documents like airline boarding passes or treasured family photos can be trusted to resist smearing and smudging. Unlike many competitors’ inks, Epson’s DURABrite Ultra ink won’t even smear or run if exposed to moisture or humidity. Additionally, plain paper prints produced by the Epson Stylus NX400 can last up to six times longer than those from comparable competitive brands.1 Its fast print speeds, image-enhancing tools, such as photo restoration, and Epson’s exclusive DURABrite Ultra pigment ink make it a supreme solution for printing documents, photos and creative projects with prints that are smudge, water, fade, and highlighter resistant on all supported paper types.2

The Epson Stylus NX400 offers impressive print and copy speeds, delivering up to 34 ppm for black and color text documents, 4” x 6” borderless photos in as fast as 26 seconds, and up to 30 cpm for both black and color copies.3 Its excellent copying and scanning capabilities make it easy to archive important documents and photos electronically with one-touch color copying and high-quality scanning. The all-in-one also integrates a one-touch, standalone copying feature for photos and documents, with the option to reduce and enlarge black and white or color copies from 25 to 400 percent and quickly enlarge 4” x 6” and 5” x 7” photos up to letter size.

The Epson Stylus NX400 offers additional technologies that are significant and will add value for customers, including:

• Epson’s exclusive MicroPiezo® print head technology: Epson’s unique print head features DX3™ technology with smart nozzles that can each produce and precisely place three sizes of ink droplets. As a result, fewer nozzles are needed to quickly create exceptional photos and documents, making the nozzles more efficient than those that can only produce one droplet size.
• Individual ink cartridges and one standard set: For added value and convenience, the Epson Stylus NX400 features individual ink cartridges to allow consumers to replace only the color needed. Additionally, having one standard ink set for both documents and photos eliminates the inconvenience of having to switch cartridges based on the print job.
• High-speed, multipurpose card slots and preview monitor: Supporting all popular memory formats, the Epson Stylus NX400 has high-speed card slots and a 2.5-inch tilt LCD to easily and quickly transfer files, as well as select, copy and print brilliant photos without a computer.
• BorderFree® photo printing: White borders can be eliminated from photos with the Epson Stylus NX400. The all-in-one supports BorderFree photo printing in various sizes, including 3.5” x 5”, 4” x 6”, 5” x 7”, 8” x 10”, and letter sizes.
• Auto Photo Correction with advanced face detection: This innovative technology is similar to having a photo lab technician built into the printer. It sharpens and corrects dark or poorly exposed images, while distinguishing people from scenery to enhance skin tones and increase the richness of the scenery in photos.
• Epson Easy Photo Fix®: Consumers can restore the colors in old, faded or discolored photos back to their original brilliance with the Easy Photo Fix scanning technology. This software, combined with the all-in-one’s hardware, makes it easy to scan, restore, print, and share old memories.
• PictBridge® compatibility: Printing superior images directly from a digital camera is straightforward and effortless with the PictBridge interface.
  

Connectivity and Operating Systems

The Epson Stylus NX400 supports Hi-Speed USB 2.0 and is compatible with Windows Vista™, XP, XP Professional x64, and 2000, as well as Macintosh® OS X 10.3.9, 10.4.x and 10.5.x.

Support and Availability

Enjoy product protection you can count on. The Epson Stylus NX400 includes a one-year limited warranty, lifetime phone and Web-based customer support and technical assistance (telephone toll charges may apply), and convenient and quick service options.

The Epson Stylus NX400 is now shipping and will be available for an estimated street price of $99.99 through major retail stores nationwide, mail order, PC manufacturers, the Internet, and Epson’s own retail site. More information about Epson and its products is available by calling 1-800-GO-EPSON (1-800-463-7766) or visiting the Epson Web site.

Gorillapod Go-Go! Digital Camera Tripod

Joby Inc, the maker of the popular Gorillapod tripods, has announced its latest product - the Gorillapod Go-Go!. Innovative and versatile, the Gorillapod Go-Go! handles virtually every type of handheld devices from compact digital cameras to PDA's and cell phones.

The Gorillapod Go-Go! from Joby Inc can handle devices weighing up to 275 g or about 10 ounces. The Gorillapod Go-Go! digital camera tripod comes with the universal adapter screw for attaching digital cameras and a suction cup clip to attach all other devices. Designed to be more mobile than the original Gorillapod digital camera tripod, the Gorillapod Go-Go! is a must for tech enthusiasts and digital photographers on the go.

Joby Gorillapod Go-Go! Camera Tripod

June 2008 - Joby Inc, the innovative consumer product company based in San Francisco, California is proud to announce the newest addition to its award-winning product line of Gorillapod tripods: the Gorillapod Go-Go!.

The Gorillapod Go-Go! is a one-of-a-kind mobile entertainment kit that allows users to position or attach their handheld devices anywhere. From cell phones, to MP3/MP4 players, to PDAs, to digital cameras, the Gorillapod Go-Go! can handle almost any device in virtually every situation.

Weighing just 45.2g and measuring only 15 x 3 x 3cm without packaging, this flexible little wonder is comprised of ball-and-socket joints and covered with rubberized rings to provide extreme gripping capability. That dexterity allows users to position the Gorillapod Go-Go!™ anywhere - a chair, lamppost, stair rail or tree limb.

In addition to the standard adapter screw for attaching a digital camera, the Gorillapod Go-Go™ also includes a high-quality suction cup that holds firmly onto a variety of surfaces and two clips with double-stick adhesive.

With the Gorillapod Go-Go™, users can enjoy their favourite movies on-the-go, prevent their cell phone from slipping between car seats as they drive, or perch their digital camera anywhere for the perfect shot – the possibilities are endless.

By combining versatility and universal compatibility the Gorillapod Go-Go™ is the perfect mobile accessory for the modern tech enthusiast.

Joby Inc. believes companies should minimize their environmental footprint. All Gorillapod™ products are offered in eco-friendly packaging.

Hama releases Carbon Camera Tripods

Hama has released its latest line of carbon tripods aimed at semi-professional digital photographers. The lightweight and high stability of carbon-fiber reinforced plastics make it ideal for digital camera tripods.

Weighing under 3 kg, or 6.6 lbs., the Omega Carbon III digital camera tripod is the ideal traveling companion for digital photographers who shoot high-angle shots. The Omega Carbon III tripod's height is adjustable from 28 in to almost 80 in.

The smaller Hama Omega Carbon II camera tripod has an adjustable height of between 27 in and 69 in. It weighs about 2.5 kg, or 5.5 lbs. Both camera tripods also come with Hama's impressive precision 3D ball head.


Hama presents its new Omega Carbon tripod series for semi-pros.

Carbon for connoisseurs

Carbon, used colloquially to describe carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, is used in products that require high stability at a relatively light weight, such as in automobile construction or sporting goods. The two new Omega Carbon II and III tripods from Hama take advantage of these characteristics, and are stable and lightweight at the same time.

Lightweight giant: Omega Carbon III

Omega Carbon III’s height adjusts from 71 to an imposing 202 centimeters, making the tripod ideal for taking impressive high-angle photos. Including the versatile 3D precision ballhead, the tripod weighs just under three kilograms; it is the perfect traveling companion. The completely removable central column helps with this, too. It can become a fully adjustable monopod, with a height of 54 to 158 centimeters; or, inserted upside-down into the tripod, it can be used for macro photography.

Little brother: Omega Carbon II

The little brother, the Omega Carbon II, with an extension length of 68 to 174 centimeters, weighs just 2.5 kilograms, including the tripod head. A crafty detail: the hook on the bottom of the extendable central column also functions as a holder for items such as the camera case, which means that they can be used to provide greater weight for improved stability.

Comprehensive Features

What the two carbon tripods have in common are the comprehensive features. The stable 3D precision ball head is impressive. It features a separate ball and pan head lock, adjustable tension settings as well as a quick-release plate with a safety catch and locking screw. The four-piece tripod legs can be extended in three places and spread out in various patterns. The large, quick-action leg clamps help you fix the legs in the required position in a snap. Rubber feet with a ball joint and extensible steel spikes provide for completely secure positioning, even in rough terrain. The foam sheathing around the legs means that you will always have a comfortable and secure hold, even in the cold and during transport. The tripod case included with both models makes it easy to carry the tripod when you are on the go.

'Image Moments 8' Digital Photo Frame

Digital Foci has released its latest digital photo frame, the Image Moments 8, featuring an 8-inch screen and internal memory capable of holding up to 3000 digital photographs. The digital photo frame also features video and music playback as well as capabilities to organize and view photos in specific folders.

Digital Foci's Image Moments 8 also automatically detects orientation and rotates images accordingly. Furthermore, automatic on/off timers allow users to display images at certain times. Digital Foci has released the Image Moments 8 digital photo frame just in time for Mother's Day and is priced at $199.00 on www.digitalfoci.com.
Los Angeles, May 2, 2008 – Digital Foci, Inc. announced today that it’s now shipping the new “Image Moments 8” 8-inch screen digital photo frame, just in time for Mother’s Day. “Image Moments 8” features advanced LED Backlight Technology, 450MB of internal memory, and built-in memory card slots to let you display and share photos in sharp, vibrant color on its high-resolution digital LCD screen.

Preload mom’s favorite family photos: baby, children, grandchildren, or other photos, on Image Moments to give her the perfect Mother’s Day gift. With the convenient Auto-Start feature, Image Moments will automatically start a photo slideshow. She just needs to turn the frame on to immediately start enjoying and re-living precious photo moments. New photos can easily be added by inserting a memory card into Image Moments, or by transferring from the computer.

Image Moments 8 (Model IMT-083) has an 8-inch high-resolution SVGA (800x600) digital LCD screen with 500:1 contrast ratio and a unique proprietary Adapter Ring design that supports limitless custom framing options -- even your own custom creation. The frame also features an interchangeable mat with 3 color selections; a hinged memory card door to hide the cards from view for an elegant finish; and an easel leg for alternating between landscape and portrait positioning to make changing your home or office décor a snap.

Internal Memory for Over 3,000 Digital Photos!

Supports All Digital Camera Memory Card Formats

Image Moments 8 is now equipped with 450MB of internal memory, so it can store more than 3,000 photos (with image resolution of 1024 x 768). Photos can be copied directly into the internal memory from any memory card you place in its memory card slot, completely eliminating the need for a computer. For additional memory, photos can be viewed from all popular memory cards, including CompactFlash, SD/HC card, MMC, Memory Stick, MS PRO, xD-Picture Card, and even MS Duo/MS PRO Duo, directly without the need of an adapter. For those who wish to transfer photos back and forth from the computer to Image Moments, there’s also a USB slot to support computer connection.

Unique Folder View – Works with Picasa Web Albums

Image Moments lets you search your memory card contents easily in the “Folder View Mode” and browse through photos in “Photo Thumbnail View.” The unique folder view lets you play and organize your photos by folders, so you can playback specific folders as needed. In addition, users can easily download and store Picasa Web Albums to Image Moments and play chosen Web Albums as a photo slideshow. Sophisticated file management features are also available, including copy, rename, delete files, sort files by name or date, and create new folders. You can also create, edit, and sequence multiple playlists on Image Moments and select a specific playlist to playback.

Advanced Playback Options

Image Moments 8’s “Photo Slideshow Mode” automatically displays your photos with options for random photo play, transition effects, and slideshow intervals. You can create unique slideshows by selecting specific photos from multiple memory card sources to view. Play videos or photo slideshows with music from a variety of music file formats to personalize your experience.

Automatically Rotates Digital Photos for Correct Display

Portrait and landscape photos are automatically rotated by reading the photo’s EXIF data to display correctly according to the orientation of the frame through the built-in auto-rotate orientation sensor. Other great new features include an automatic on/off timer with three schedule settings, which can be set to activate or turn off according to your schedule.

Image Moments 8 Digital Photo Frame Features

• 8" SVGA (800x600 pixel) color TFT-LCD screen
• 450 MB built-in internal memory
• Built-in support for SD/HC, CF, MS/Duo, xD
• Interchangeable mat & frame design
• Video and music playback
• Folder structure for playback specific folders
• Playback from one or multiple memory sources
• Random play photo slideshow
• Auto-Start features
• Automatic on/off timer
• Create, edit, sequence playlists
• Auto-rotate orientation sensor

Canon Image Stabilized EF-S Lenses

Canon's latest lenses incorporate its Image Stabilizer technology while maintaining a compact design. This superior technology allows excellent low-light digital photography as well as longer shutter speeds. The EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS Telephoto Zoom Lens was awarded the Best Entry-Level Camera Lens by the Technical Image Press Association (TIPA) for 2008.

Amstelveen, The Netherlands, 20 August, 2007: Canon today strengthens its EF-S series of lenses with the launch of the EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS and EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS. With equivalent focal lengths of 29-88mm and 88-400mm respectively, the lenses are the first in the EF-S series to incorporate a 4-stop Image Stabilizer, dramatically extending low-light performance. Both lenses incorporate specialist optics to achieve exceptional image clarity - the EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS employing an aspherical lens element with the EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS benefiting from an Ultra-Low Dispersion (UD) lens element.
The lenses are built to fit exclusively on those EOS cameras with an EF–S lens mount – including the new EOS 40D, EOS 30D, EOS 400D and earlier models.

EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS Camera Lens

The Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS digital camera zoom lens is a lightweight general-purpose lens that is ideal for handheld photography in a wide range of lighting conditions. Offering high optical quality, the lens has an 11 element, 9 group construction, including one aspherical element for crisp corner-to-corner detail. The lens maintains a closest focusing distance of just 25cm throughout the zoom range, giving photographs the flexibility to frame up close when needed.

EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS Camera Lens

Compact and lightweight, the Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS digital camera zoom lens offers the longest zoom range in the EF-S series to date. The 88-400mm equivalent focal length opens up new framing possibilities for owners of EF-S mount cameras shooting wildlife, sports and travel photography. Optical quality is assured through a UD element, which minimizes chromatic aberrations that could otherwise cause reduced contrast and color fringing.

4-stop Image Stabilizer

Canon’s latest optical Image Stabilizer (IS) technology provides up to 4-stop compensation for image blur caused by camera shake and slow shutter speeds. Photographers normally shooting handheld at 1/250 sec can switch on IS to obtain a similarly steady and blur-free result with a shutter speed of just 1/15 second. The inclusion of automatic panning detection makes it easier for photographers to track wildlife and other moving subjects. To ensure consistently accurate results at all zoom positions, the IS system within each lens has been optimized for that lens’ specific focal length range. Since the IS system is based within the lens, the results are visible through the viewfinder when framing the image.

Appealing background blur

Both lenses also incorporate a circular aperture. This helps create an even background blur when depth of field is minimized, giving photographers more creative options for portraiture and similar types of photography.

Super Spectra coatings

Both models employ Canon’s patented Super Spectra coatings to suppress flare and ghosting – more prone to occur with digital cameras due to reflection off the image sensor. By increasing light absorption, coatings reduce reflections off lens element surfaces to deliver crisp, undistorted images with natural color balance.

E-TTL II flash integration

The lenses transmit distance information to the E-TTL II flash system of all current model digital EOS cameras, improving flash exposure metering when used in conjunction with Canon’s range of EX Speedlite flash units.

In keeping with Canon’s Kyosei philosophy of living in harmony with the environment, the lens features only lead-free glass.

TIPA Photography 2008 Award Winners

The Technical Image Press Association (TIPA) has announced the results of the annual camera Oscars for 2008. The TIPA awards are one of the most coveted photo and imaging awards in Europe. Manufacturers especially are interested in the award as they can place the TIPA logo on their products.

This year, Nikon scooped the Pro and Expert categories with the D3 and D300 respectively. These victories are further evidence of Nikon gaining ground on its traditional rival - Canon. Canon, though, managed to win a gong for the best "advanced" DSLR with its EOS 450D, not a bad feat as for a camera that started shipping a few days ago.

The Winners
Best Entry-Level Digital SLR Camera: Sony Alpha A200
Best Advanced Digital SLR Camera: Canon EOS 450D
Best Expert Digital SLR Camera: Nikon D300
Best Professional Digital SLR Camera: Nikon D3
Best Ultra Compact Digital Camera: Samsung NV24HD
Best Compact Digital Camera: Panasonic Lumix FX-500
Best Superzoom Digital Camera: Fuji S100 FS
Best Entry-Level Lens: Canon EF-S 55-250mm f/4-5.6 IS
Best Expert Lens: Olympus Zuiko Digital ED 12-60mm f/2.8-4 SWD
Best Professional Lens: Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED
Best Flatbed Photo Scanner: Canon CanoScan 8800F
Best Small Format Photo Printer: HP Photosmart A826
Best Expert Photo Printer: Epson Stylus Photo R1900
Best Multifunction Photo Printer: Canon PIXMA MP970
Best Large Format Printer: Epson Stylus Pro 11880

Click the link for the full list of TIPA photography award winners.

A Look at Digital Photo Printers

If you are into digital photography, chances are you will be interested in printing your digital photos. Home digital photo printers lets you play around with your photos and offers more convenience than online or retail store printing services.

Rajendra Varma

Epson, Canon and HP are the three main manufacturers when it comes to home digital photo printers. And they offer a wide variety of models to suit every digital photographer. Having a digital photo printer lets you play around with your pictures on your computer and then print them, all in the convenience of your home. Newer digital photo printers even have media card readers that lets you bypass the computer altogether, while most printers will still need to be connected to a computer. Here we look at a few popular digital photo printers available today.

General Digital Photo Printers

Canon Pixma iP4500

The Canon Pixma iP4500 is a general purpose ink-jet printer that delivers good overall quality prints up to 8.5x11. It has a PictBridge port for easy interface with cameras. Priced at $129.99 (www.usa.canon.com), the Pixma iP4500 is a good option for most users.

HP Photosmart D7460

The Photosmart D7460 features a media card reader and a large, 3.5 in LCD touchscreen, allowing you to preview and print without using a computer. It also has wired and wireless network options as well as PictBridge support. The HP Photosmart D7460 supports prints photos up to 8.5x11 and is priced at $149.99 (www.hp.com).

Epson Stylus Photo 1400

High quality color prints and supports prints up to 13x19. The Epson Stylus Photo 1400 is a dye-based printer that also allows printing directly on CD's and DVD's. Black and white prints, though, are less than perfect. Priced at $299.99 (www.epson.com), the Stylus Photo 1400 is recommended if you are into larger print sizes.

Professional Digital Photo Printers

Epson Stylus Pro 3800

The Stylus Pro 3800 is the cheapest pro-series digital photo printer available and is the industry standard for black and white printing. Overall print quality is excellent and it supports a variety of paper sizes, up to 17x22. The Epson Stylus Pro 3800 has large ink cartridges and prints last long. It is priced at $1295.00 (www.epson.com).

Canon Pixma Pro 9500

Canon's pro-series Pixma Pro 9500 uses pigment inks, which means prints will last longer but do not have the same color vibrancy of dye-based inks. However, the Pixma Pro 9500 produces excellent prints as large as 13x19 and has PictBridge support. It is priced at $849.99 (www.usa.canon.com).

Compact Digital Photo Printers

Epson PictureMate Dash

If you are into 4x6 prints exclusively, the PictureMate Dash is an good choice. With a large LCD screen for previewing and a memory card reader as well as PictBridge support, the PictureMate Dash allows easy and fast 4x6 printing. Picture quality, however, is lacking. It is priced at $129.99 (www.epson.com).

HP Photosmart A627

Another option if you are going to print a lot of small prints is the HP Photosmart A627, which also prints 5x7 digital photos. It also has a memory card reader and touchscreen for easy previewing. It is priced at $149.99 (www.hp.com).

Home Digital Photo Printing Tips

How To Get The Best Results When Printing Your Own Digtal Photographs

by Gregg Hall

One of the biggest joys of using a digital camera is to then have the ability to print out digital photos in the comfort of your own home. Usually, when you own a computer, the printer is a common accessory attached to it. This is all you need to be on your way to producing the images from your digital camera. When you are interested in printing out your own digital photos, you should take into consideration some of the techniques you can use to achieve the best results.

Digital Photo Paper

All printer companies produce their own line of ink and paper for their consumers to use. With most of the printing projects you deal with, any type of paper or ink is sufficient, but with digital photo printing, a different type of paper is required. This ensures that you will receive the best quality for your digital photos, including brighter colors and a clearer appearance. If you mix different brands of paper, you will find that each one will give you varied results.

One of the options for choosing digital photo printing paper is one that claims to be of the unique archival variety, which is supposed to keep photos from fading over the years. But, once your digital photo is saved to a file, you can always reprint; gaining the same original appearance as the first time you printed it out. All you have to do is find digital photo printing paper that is compatible with your inkjet printer.

There are many different kinds of finishes available for your digital photo printing paper. You may choose from a glossy to matte finish. When storing paper, make sure it is placed within a cool place that doesn't receive any direct sunlight. You will also find that paper designed for digital photo printing costs more than regular copy paper. This means, try not to waste. When you want to use the majority of the paper, let your software guide you on the correct positioning. Speaking of waste, don't forget how expensive the printer ink is.

Digital Photo Printer Settings

Make sure that when printing digital photos that you have chosen the "normal" print setting. Choosing higher options will not make a 300 dpi photo come out any better and sometimes it actually decreases the appearance. These options are really just a waste of ink.

Some users opt for the purchase of a printer that is only used for printing digital photos. These options possess a different kind of technology, which are responsible for producing better quality digital photos. A disadvantage to using one of these digital photo printers is that the most common maximum print size is 4 x 6 inches.

But, for portability and added convenience, they are a joy for avid photographers. These types of digital photo printers also tend to create photos that last longer because they use a different method to apply the ink to paper. The long lasting finish is also made possible through a protective overcoat that is added as a final layer.


About the Author: Gregg Hall is an author living in Navarre Florida. Find more about this as well as quality digital prints at www.qualitydigitalprints.com

Using Long Lenses in Digital Photography

Great digital photographs can result from using a telephoto lens to get in close to the action or sneak up on a subject from a discreet distance. But the high magnification of long tele and zoom lenses serves to accentuate the effects of camera shake caused by your inability to hold the camera and lens absolutely still. The effects of wind, moving or shaking floors, residual vibration from camera mirrors flipping up just prior to exposure, atmospheric haze, and heat waves can also add problems.

When hand-holding your digital camera and zoom lens, start with a fast film, ISO 400 or higher. This will allow you to use higher shutter speeds (1/1000 sec and above) and minimize the effects of shake in a variety of lighting conditions. Use the proper stance: arms closely tucked into the body, elbows partially supported by the chest or abdomen, lens and camera balanced by the left hand and arm.

Practice supporting and focusing the digital camera with your left hand. Aim the digital camera slightly above the subject, take a deep breath, let the view drop to the proper composition while exhaling, and gently press the shutter.

For support, find a fence post, parked car, or folded jacket. Lean on it or rest your digital camera on top of it while shooting. If you have such a support, a 1/30 second exposure isn't an impossibility, even with a 500mm lens. You'll be using slower shutter speeds more often than you'd like. The minimum shutter speed rule of thumb for hand-holding a long tele or zoom lens is this: Slowest safe shutter speed = 1 over the lens focal length.

For example, if you're photographing with a 500mm f/4 lens, the limiting shutter speed for a hand-held digital photo would be 1 /500 second at the correct aperture for a good exposure. This rule applies to a properly-braced photographer standing on solid ground.

Chest braces, rifle stocks, and similar devices aren't as practical as a lightweight monopod or tripod. A monopod is easy to carry, and you can set it up just about anywhere.

It won't allow you to set shutter speeds as slow as you can get away with using a tripod. But it will let you shoot safely—that is, without a serous risk of image-softening shake—at speeds two or three steps slower than you'd have to use if you were shooting handheld. That may make it possible to shoot in lower light, and/or to use a slower, finer-grained film.

Get a monopod that can be raised to your eye level, is quick and easy to set up. If you shoot a lot of verticals, you may want to add a good swivel ball head for maneuverability.

A tripod is the best device for insuring minimal effects from vibration with a long tele or zoom lens. With a sturdy one, you can use slower shutter speeds and lower ISO-higher resolution films. If you own a shaky tripod, tie a three to five pound weight to the center column for added stability.

Physically long tele-lenses should have tripod-mounting collars to attach the lens at the proper fulcrum to the tripod rather than the digital camera. You can also use a secondary support for the digital camera like Bogen's Long Lens Support. This telescoping brace attaches to most tripod legs via a universal clamp at one end and a swivel ball head for the digital camera at the other. The brace makes it more difficult to change camera position, but it considerably lessens the effects of vibration.

If you're on shaky ground, tripods won't help. They'll actually transmit the motion right to the lens and camera. It's better to handhold the camera if you can set a reasonable shutter speed, and let your body damp the vibration.

Atmospheric haze and heat waves can't always be eliminated, but using a haze or polarizing filter can help cut through the haze and increase color saturation and contrast. Also, use your lens hood, or shade the lens, to minimize the possibility of flare.

Few techniques in photography require more expertise and skill than the successful use of a long tele or zoom lens. If you want to become more proficient, practice, practice, practice!


About the Author: Jan Linden is a professional photographer and designer.

What is Macro Photography?

by Felix Zhucha

One of the most satisfying forms of photography, and one of the easiest to master is macro photography.

A practical way for defining macro photography is by the strength of the lens, or how nearby it can focus. For true macro photography, you'll want to have a lens that focuses down to a 1:1 range. For example,for 35mm film,your camera has to have the ability to focus on an area at least as small as 24×36mm ,because this is the size of the image on the film.After having the film developed,the picture of the subject on the negative or slide will be exactly the same size as the subject photographed.

What makes macro photography seductive is the level of detail that you see, sometimes for the first time - familiar objects become unusual and abstract and unusual objects become even more interesting.

There are many applications for macro photography: flowers,plants,butterflies, minerals,snowflakes... Your own backyard, a local garden,beach or forest can provide you with hours of fun with macro photography.

Of course macro photography isn't always centred on the natural world. Collectors use macro photography to record coins,stamps and other collectibles that are very small.Some people use macro photography for documenting their possessions for insurance purposes or to illustrate their auction listings online.

Working with macro photography can be a whole new visual event for even the most advanced photographers.Every day can yield another subject and an endless supply of captivating images.The possibilities of macro photography are limited only by your imagination.

If you are interested in macro photography, then by all means consider purchasing a dedicated macro lens. Digital SLR cameras with interchangeable lenses are ideal for macro photography.If you're primarily interested in outdoor photography, consider a 180mm or 200mm macro lens.

Alternatively you can use extension tubes,reversing rings, or close-up diopter lens.

An extension tube is placed between the camera body and the lens.There is no glass in the tube - its purpose is to move the lens farther from the film (or digital sensor) so that magnification can be bigger.

Reversing ring is attached on the front of a lens and makes it possible to attach the lens in reverse.

Close-up diopter lens are placed in front of the camera's main lens. These screw-in or slip-on attachments provide close focusing at very low cost.However,the quality of the pictures is variable.

When is a Tripod Really Necessary for Digital Cameras?

The average digital photographer owns a point and shoot digital camera. These cameras are capable of capturing great images and many even allow users to select an appropriate scene mode to make automatic exposure and shutter speed adjustments without the hassle of true manual controls. In some shooting situations however, adjusting the digital camera settings, automatic or otherwise, may not be all that is needed for a great shot.

In many instances a steady camera is necessary, especially when shutter speed is adjusted or minor movements can be accentuated. Simply put, a camera tripod becomes more of a necessity in special situations which the average user may encounter.

Night-time Shots
When shooting at dusk or at night, available natural lighting is obviously reduced. A flash is extremely limited in its range and is generally not a good tool to use in such situations. To get more light into the lens, the digital camera will adjust exposure and perhaps shutter speed when set to the Night setting. With a slower shutter speed comes the risk of introducing more digital camera shake which results in unwanted blurring. Using a tripod during shots taken with a digital camera set on the 'Night' setting reduces the inadvertent camera movement and improves picture quality.

Close up Shots
For those who wish to photograph objects, insects, or other items within just a few feet, the risk of blurring is also increased. Minor movements that might otherwise be imperceptible become much more evident in the resulting image. Again, using a tripod can help to reduce unwanted movement of the digital camera although care must also be taken to assure the subject and items in the background remain stationary as much as possible.

Self Portraits
Many point and shoot digital cameras allow the user to set the timer in order to allow them to include themselves in shots. This is a great feature but certainly getting a level and steady surface for the digital camera to rest on is critical for good quality image. Again, use of a tripod is the best bet. Aside from stability and a level surface, a tripod offers adjustable legs and a head that allows further movement to assure that framing is perfect for the shot.

Action Shots
Not all action shots require a tripod but if the user wishes to pan with the movement it certainly makes the task much easier. Panning without a tripod is certainly possible but requires some practice. Camcorders, even more than digital cameras, benefit from the use of a tripod in such instances.

Enlargements
Many digital photos may look good initially but when enlarged any imperfections can be accentuated. This is certainly true with any blurring. What is either imperceptible or minor in a 4x6 print may be a significant defect in an 8x10 enlargement.

Home photographers may have a great digital camera but a tripod is often a tool that turns mediocre pictures into the clear, outstanding images that draws the acclaim of friends and family.

by Christine Peppler

Digital Camera Accessories - Cover The Bases

By: Idan Lavi

There is no denying the fact that digital cameras haven taken the world by storm in the last decade. As technology continues to develop and pictures taken on them prove incredible, the amount of digital camera accessories to make your photos even better is really on the rise. Where only a few extras used to be available, digital camera enthusiasts are finding a whole host of choices these day. Some of these accessories are essentials, while others just make digital photography more convenient.

Must Haves

Extra Memory

With digital cameras offering such ease in shooting, those who want to take high-quality pictures find themselves tearing through memory cards rather quickly. These digital camera accessories are generally pretty affordable and are more than easy to carry. Typically the size of postage stamp or just slightly larger, extra memory cards can be used by anyone from the professional shooter to the amateur on vacation.

Spare Batteries

It might be hard to consider these as an accessory, but the fact is many who own these cameras do. While most digital camera batteries can last a long time, when they run out in the middle of a vacation or a particularly fun shoot, it can be really irritating. Having a spare set can really come in handy. It`s best to consider rechargeable spares to save on replacement costs down the road.

Weatherproof Camera Bag

When it comes to digital camera accessories, this one is a must have for anyone that intends to take their camera outside, ever. Providing protection from bad weather and drops alike, these accessories aren`t very expensive either and they can help store those extra batteries and memory cards, too.

Love To Haves

Lighting mechanisms

This particular class of digital camera accessory might almost fit into the must have list. While most digital cameras take very good pictures, there onboard flashes tend to leave a lot to be desired. There are all kind of lighting mechanisms that are available that can remedy this. Some are designed to work with specific cameras and others are standalones that can assist in any photography setting. These are great for anyone who wants to take spectacular shots to consider.

Tripods

When it comes to digital camera accessories, this is one any serious shooter might want to consider. These help take away the shake that`s involved in some settings and can really help create spectacular images.

Extra Lenses

Not all cameras will accept these digital camera accessories, but those that do can really benefit from zoom lenses. Providing a way to really turn a digital into an all-purpose camera, lenses should be considered by those who can use them.

When it comes to digital camera accessories, the options are becoming amazing. The above is just a small list of those available. While not everyone will need many digital camera accessories to take the pictures they want, it`s nice to know options are out there

Digital SLR Cameras - Body and Lenses

By: Jacob Georgeson

Digital SLR cameras are usually sold in two parts: the camera body and lenses. There are many types of lenses with different characteristics from macro to zoom, with special options like image stabilizers, special filters and more. In this article you will read about some lenses options and what you should consider when buying them.

You can and should own more than one lens. Different lenses are better at different scenes. An obvious example is the difference between a macro lens used to take shots of objects from a very short distance sometimes almost touching the camera and zoom lenses designed to take photos from a far distance. Professional photographer always carry a few lenses with them and change the lens often in order to use the right one for each photo shot. Sometimes professional photographer actually carry a few cameras with different lenses mounted on them allowing them to quickly choose the perfect lens for each shot without the need to actually switch lenses back and forth.

Some lenses also provide special features that better the photos taken. For example, image stabilization, also known for short as IS, eliminates the effect of small camera movements as the pictures is taken. Such movements are a problem in extreme cases for example when shutter speed is low in low light scenes or when using a high zoom lens taking photos from far away. In those cases every small camera movement translates to blurry digital photos. The image stabilizer (IS) is an optical electro-mechanical mechanism. Using a gyro and a floating optical element the image stabilizer senses camera movements and moves the optical element in right direction and distance to compensate for such movements.

If you need to take photos of objects from a very short distance you should consider purchasing macro lenses. Macro lenses enable the digital camera to be positioned very close to the object sometimes almost touching the object and still sharply focus on it. Common objects that photographers experiment with when using macro lenses are insects, leaves, screws, nails, bolts and more. Another challenge with macro photography is lighting. If you need to use a flash any normal flash would emit light that is too intense just because the object is closer to the camera than the focus was designed for. You can either use a flash that allows setting for such a distance or place a filter on the lens.

If you plan to use really long zoom lenses you should consider lenses that support special tripod mounts. Cameras with very long lenses are heavy and their gravity center shifts out toward the lens. In order to stabilize a camera with such lenses a special tripod attached to the lens is needed. When buying such lenses it is recommended to make sure that such a tripod can be used with the lens and if you already own a tripod that the mounting mechanism is compatible with the lens.

When buying lenses you should also take into consideration their planned usage. Tow lenses can have the same optical characteristics but for example very different weights just because they are made from different materials. If you plan to travel and carry the lens weight is important even at the cost of a higher lens price.


Author: Jacob Georgeson is digital cameras expert.

Article source: Articlecat.com

Photography Zoom Lens Characteristics

By: Jennifer Clarkson

When you own a Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera, you have the option of purchasing more than one lens for various purposes. This article explores some characteristics you should consider once you've decided on the type of zoom lens you plan to purchase, including Internal Focusing, Image Stabilization or Vibration Reduction, Constant vs Variable Aperture, Macro Focusing, Low-Dispersion Glass, Apochromatic Lenses, Aspherical Elements, Tripod Mounts for Long Lenses, Plastic vs Alloys, Size, Weight, and Price. For more information on the different types of photography zoom lens available, read this article.

Internal Focusing (IF)
The movement of the lens for focusing purposes is internal to the lens body, so no lens ring will cause the lens to twist out and interfere with the orientation of any filters. (Some filters, such as linear polarizers or graduated neutral-density filters require stationary positioning in order to deliver predictable results.) This internal movement also allows the lens weight to stay balanced, which helps the balancing of heavier lenses on a tripod. Image quality of newer IF lenses is slightly better than non-IF lenses due to technological advances made that correct some aberrations.

Image Stabilization (IS) or Vibration Reduction (VR)
Most types of lenses above come in two flavours: either with image stabilization, or without. Built-in stabilization allows you to get sharp hand-held images when lighting conditions are poor, or you're shooting from a moving vehicle. On the lenses that offer this capability, there is usually a switch that lets you turn the feature off, thus saving batteries when using a tripod. Beware the cost of these lenses, though: you can expect to pay 2-4 times as much for a lens with image stabilization than the same lens without.

Constant vs Variable Aperture
Variable aperture accounts for the majority of zoom lenses, and causes the maximum aperture to decrease as you zoom from wider focal lengths to telephoto focal lengths. The advantage of variable aperture zoom lenses is that they're cheaper to maufacture and are typically lighter and more compact than contact aperture lenses.

Constant aperture lenses provide a static maximum aperture regardless of the focal length you're zoomed to. This better enables you to achieve narrow depth of field so as to isolate your subject from your background. These lenses typically let more light in, which lets you shoot sharp photos in dimmer lighting conditions.

Macro Focusing
Macro lenses allow the camera to be very close to its subject and still focus sharply. Macro lenses are ideal for close-up shots of flowers, leaves or insects, and sometimes double as portrait lenses. They typically have a reproduction ratio of 1:4 or better, which means the image sensor will capture the subject at 1/4 its original size or larger.

Low-Dispersion Glass
Some lenses are made with high-quality glass specially manufactured to more accurately transmit the full visible colour spectrum, called low-dispersion glass. You may also hear of ED (extra-low dispersion), SLD (super-low dispersion) or UD (ultra-low dispersion), which really just means truer colours.

Apochromatic Lenses (APO)
Apochromatic lenses have high colour fidelity and sharpness and should be used by anyone obsessed with getting to the most accurate colours possible.

Aspherical Elements (ASP)
Aspherical lenses are made with a different curvature than traditional spherical lenses to correct for distortions at the edge of the image. They are particularly useful in wide-angle lenses where vignetting or distortion can be seen in the corners of the image.

Tripod Mounts for Long Lenses
Lenses that are bigger and heavier than your camera body should have a tripod mount built-in. By attaching the lens to the tripod instead of the camera, you will remove tension on the camera-to-lens mount joint, and you will improve tripod balancing in the field. In fact, without a tripod mount, some larger lenses will cause the tripod to topple, thus making tripod use impossible without a lens mount. It is possible to purchase a separate adapter bracket from some manufacturers if the lens itself does not have one.

Plastic Material vs Alloys
Plastic lenses built recently typically use high-tech materials that are very durable and much lighter than metal alloy lenses. So although it used to be said that plastic lenses are cheap and unreliable, that is no longer true today.

Size
Zoom and telephoto lenses are getting smaller and lighter each year. In general, the larger the focal length of the lens, the larger the lens will be physically.

Weight
The heaviness of a lens may be prohibitive to you, depending on your physical fitness level and how long you'll be away from home. Plastic lenses are quite durable and are definitely lighter than equivalent metal lenses, although ultra-lightweight metal alloys are reasonable as well.

Price
In general, no matter which lens you're looking at, prices vary dramatically based on lens quality. Professional lenses will cost you thousands of dollars, while a compact modest starter zoom lens will be only a hundred dollars. You'll pay extra for some of the characteristics discussed in this article, such as fast constant apertures, high quality glass, image stabilization, and quick auto-focus. Remember, though, that lens price is a large investment: lenses will long outlast your camera body, and is largely responsible for the quality of your images (much more so than the camera body itself)!


Author: Jennifer Clarkson is a Canadian photographer living in Ottawa. For more Photography Tips, or to view her Photo Gallery, please visit Jennifer Clarkson Photography.

Article source: Articlecat.com

Zoom Lenses for your SLR camera

By: Jennifer Clarkson

When you own a Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera, you have the option of purchasing more than one lens for various purposes. Zoom lenses and prime lenses are something that every SLR owner should have. Let's look at the definition for each.

Prime lenses are those with a fixed focal length, such that zoom is not possible. That means that if you wanted to have your subject appear larger in your frame, you would have to physically move your camera closer to the subject instead of zooming closer with the lens itself. Prime lenses are faster at focusing than zoom lenses, but are typically used for static scenes, such as macro photography or portrait photography.

Zoom lenses allow you to make your subject larger in the frame without physically moving your camera closer. This article explores the different types of zoom lenses out there and offers recommendations for what suits your style of photography - macro, landscape, wildlife, sports. We'll look at autofocusing zoom lenses and manual focus zoom lenses. Also check out this related article about Camera Lens Characteristics.

Autofocusing Zoom Lenses

1) Ultra Wide-Angle Zoom Lens

Typical focal lengths: some range between 17-35mm (e.g. 20-35mm, 17-28mm, 17-35mm)
Characteristics: The angle of view is quite wide, around 170 degrees from the camera. The depth of field is large, so foreground and background will be in sharp focus all at once.
Uses: landscape photography

2) Wide-Angle To Moderate Telephoto Zoom Lens
Typical focal lengths: some range between 24-105mm (e.g. 24-85mm, 28-105mm, 35-80mm)
Characteristics: Typically the first type of lens you purchase with your SLR. These lenses provide the range needed for most shooting situations, aside from specialty photography. Their weight is light, and their size is compact, so these are usually the easiest lenses to travel with when you only want to take one lens.
Uses: travel photography, landscape photography

3) Mid-Range Telephoto Zoom Lens
Typical focal lengths: some range between 50-300mm (e.g. 70-200mm)
Characteristics: These lenses are slightly larger than the category above, but are still fairly compact. They are better for photographers who typically want a telephoto shot from a distance. They best compliment a wide-angle zoom and a telephoto zoom together to cover most focal lengths.
Uses: wildlife photography

4) Telephoto Zoom Lens
Typical focal lengths: some range between 100-300mm (e.g. 70-200mm)
Characteristics: These lenses offer high magnification, allowing you to get up close to dangerous or distant subjects while keeping your distance. Depth of field can be small with these lenses, which allows you to isolate your subject from its background.
Uses: sports photography, wildlife photography

5) Big-Range Zoom Lens
Typical focal lengths: some range between 100-500mm (e.g. 35-350mm, 50-500mm)
Characteristics: These large and heavy lenses offer high quality images with subjects very far away. They are much more affordable than they used to be, but likely don't fit in an average camera bag, and are much heavier than your camera. They typically come with a tripod attachment, such that you can attach the lens to tripod instead of the camera body to achieve centre of balance.
Uses: wildlife photography


Manual Focus Zoom Lenses

6) Ultra-Telephoto Zoom Lens
Typical focal lengths: some range between 100-600mm (e.g. 400-600mm)
Characteristics: These large and heavy lenses offer high quality images with subjects even further away than big-range zoom lenses. They allow rapid manual focusing while tracking a subject.
Uses: wildlife photography


Author: Jennifer Clarkson is a Canadian photographer living in Ottawa. For more Photography Tips, or to view her Photo Gallery, please visit Jennifer Clarkson Photography.

Article source: Articlecat.com

Photography 101: External vs Built-in Flash

By: Jennifer Clarkson

External flashes, or accessory flashes, have several benefits over built-in, pop-up flashes seen on most cameras today. Power, the ability to change light source location relative to the lens, and additional features all make external flashes worth considering for the avid hobbyist.


Bulb Power
First, let's discuss power. Simply put, external flashes have much more power than built-in flashes. Think of how many times it took you to learn that your built-in flash's light fell short of the intended subject and lit only the near objects in your scene. The ability to throw light farther is measured by a flash's guide number, which used to be the only way to calculate exposure. Specifically, the correct aperture (for ISO 100) equals the guide number divided by the number of feet of the flash from the subject.


Metering with Flash
Modern external flashes allow exposure to be metered with TTL (through-the-lens) flash metering, which allows the unit to regulate the amount of light output in auto-exposure modes. The flash actually cuts off light when enough has been dispensed on the subject. Flash exposure compensation allows further fine-tuning whereby adjustments can be made to allow more or less light than the TTL metering suggests. Thus, today's external flashes only have a guide number for flash power comparisons. The guide number on a typical pop-up flash is fairly low - perhaps 40 - whereas the guide number on an external flash easily has a guide number upwards of 100 or 200. For comparison purposes, you need to understand that a guide number of 80 is four times (two stops) more powerful than 40.


Flash Proximity to Subject
External flash also allows you to distance the flash light source from the lens. This becomes very important for macro photography where pop-up flashes can actually cause shadows of the lens, based on its proximity to the large barrel. It is also more likely to cause red-eye in portrait shots, and means you cannot conveniently counteract another light source since the built-in flash is not moveable. With infrared or radio slaves, motion detectors or photo cell sensors, multiple flashes can be triggered remotely in sync, no matter how far away from the camera they are.


Fill Flash
Most accessory flashes have the ability to shoot at less than 100% power, so as to enable fill-flash in appropriate situations. Built-in flashes must be manually covered with a diffuse fabric in order to be successful at providing fill-light (e.g. brightening a flower, or combining fill-flash with slow shutter speed for fast-moving wildlife). Variable power in external flashes makes fine-tuning aperture or flash proximity to subject very easily. Some external flashes have infrared sensors that sense the distance to the subject automatically, thus synchronizing the camera to suggest a correct aperture and shutter speed.


Flash Heads
When it comes to physically setting up an external flash, most come with swivel and bounce heads, to allow more realistic and softer lighting effects by bouncing light from a white card or reflector above or to the side of the subject. These are things that a pop-up flash cannot do.

Zoom heads on external flashes allow for coverage adjustment when the flash is used in conjunction with a wide-angle or telephoto lens. The path of light covered by the flash will be modified to suit the angle of coverage by the lens. Ring flashes are a particular type of external flash that forms a ring around the barrel of the lens - they are best suited to macro or portrait photography where large lenses can get in the way of pop-up flashes and cause a shadow.

Dedicated Flashes
Dedicated flashes are external flashes built specifically to work with a particular camera's features and settings. Third party flash manufacturers such as Sigma design dedicated flashes for each of the major camera brands.

Author: Jennifer Clarkson is a Canadian photographer living in Ottawa. For more Photography Tips, or to view her Photo Gallery, please visit Jennifer Clarkson Photography.

Article source: Articlecat.com

Photography 101: Memory Cards for Digital Cameras

By: Jennifer Clarkson

What is a Memory Card?
A memory card is a storage device commonly used by digital cameras to write digital photos. It is a mechanism to store your photos, and later transfer them to computer for processing and printing. Essentially, a memory card is to a digital camera what a hard drive is to a computer. That means that the size of your memory card directly affects how many digital photos you can store, and the speed of your memory card directly affects the how fast your digital camera can read and write photos!

The Need for Speed
As digital cameras evolve to store higher quality images, image size increases, and it becomes more important to find a memory card that is fast enough to write these images before you want to take another shot. Compact Flash (CF) and Secure Digital (SD) formats are two types of memory cards that are improving their speeds dramatically to keep up with high megapixel counts in newer digital cameras. Not only does a faster memory card allow you to take a second shot sooner, but it also results in quicker download to your computer. The larger your memory card's storage limit, the more important transfer speed becomes. Otherwise, a 2 GB memory card might require an hour of transfer time!

Memory card speeds are measured based on a standard where 1x equals the transfer of 150 KB per second. That means that a 10x memory card transfers data at a rate of 1.5 MB per second and a 133x memory card transfers data at a rate of almost 20 MB per second. These numbers usually indicate the best possible rate when the card is used with a digital camera that has a super fast recording capability. Certainly not every digital camera is coded in such a way as to take advantage of these peak transfer rates, so you may wish to research very fast cards before purchasing. For example, Lexar has a line of 133x memory cards, but the super fast rates required digital cameras to be designed specifically with their card's technology in mind - in this case, they provided a list of cameras that would result in fast rates, but my camera wasn't on the list.

There are two types of speeds you should be aware of, each of which is measured relative to 1x:

1. Write speed - the time it takes your digital camera to save an image to the memory card
   
2. Read speed - the time it takes your digital camera to open an image on the memory card
   

Care of Memory Cards
Here are some TIPS from the professionals on how to keep your memory card functioning correctly for years to come:

1. Reformat your memory cards periodically to remove residue files system information and help optimize data access and storage. Try formatting after you transfer your files, or before a major shoot. Remember, when you reformat your memory card, you will lose all images stored on it, so be sure your transferred copies are good.
   
2. Never remove a memory card from your digital camera or card reader until the processing is complete - there should be a blinking light to indicate that transfer is in progress. Cards can be damaged if you remove it during image transfer.
   
3. Replace or recharge batteries when the low battery light comes on so that your digital camera does not run out of power while writing your last shot to the memory card. You could corrupt an image or your card during an important or memorable trip otherwise.
   
4. Never expose your memory card to excessive heat or moisture.

Upgrading your Memory Card Firmware
The firmware on your memory card is its operating system (OS), and occasionally needs to be updated. Your memory card's manufacturer will most likely make an update available for download from the internet, directly to your digital camera or card reader.

But before you upgrade, be aware that the latest version of the firmware may affect the promise of speed. One article I read suggested that the Lexar 133x WA CF card had better performance after a firmware upgrade, although that only coincided with a firmware upgrade on the digital camera it was being tested against. So it may be worth your while to compare your current firmware version against the latest offered by your manufacturer and see if the changes in functionality or performance are important to you. Be sure you look for disclaimers or notes about side-effects. You will not likely be notified in person when memory card firmware upgrades are made available to consumers.


Author: Jennifer Clarkson is a Canadian Photographer living in Ottawa. To browse her Photo Galleries and read more of her Photography Tips, please visit her website at Jennifer Clarkson Photography

Article source: Articlecat.com